Photographic-printing machine.



-No. 731,282. PATENTBD JUNE 16, 1903. H. UASLER. PHOTOGRAPHIG PRINTING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 21. 189B. RENEWED JAN. 2. 1903.

110101321 1s SHEETS-SHEET '1.

I W I ATTORNEYS No. 731,282. PATENTED JUNE 16,1903.

H. .GASLER. PHOTOGRAPHIG PRINTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21I 1898. RENEWED JAN. 2, 1903.

H0 MODEL. 13 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I WITNESSES: -'l| MENTOR,-

ATTORNEYS PATENTED JUNE16, 1903 H. GASLER. I

PHOTOGRAPHIG PRINTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21, 1898 RENEWED JAN. 2, 19,03. N0 MODEL.

13 SHBBTS-SHEET 3 I MIM II N HHIHIHHI ATTORNEYS 'No. 731,282. PATBNTED JUNE 16, 1903.

H. GASLER.

PHOTOGRAPHIG PRINTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21. 1898. RENEWED JAN. 2, 1903.

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w%% E m WITNESSES: AMI f WE) No. 731382. PATENTED JUNE 16, 1903.-

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. PHOTOGRAPHIG PRINTING MACHINE. APPLIOATION FILED mu 21, 1898. RENEWED JAN. 2; 1003.

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WITNESSES: lNVENTOR @f/f M4? MM d L I t v monnsvs PATENTED JUNE 16, 1903.

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ME NORRIS v No. 731,282. V v PATENTED JUNE 16,.1903. H. GASLBR. PHOTDGRAPHIG PRINTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION I'ILBD KAY 21. 1898. RENEWED JAN. 2, 1903.

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No. 731,282. PATENTED JUN 1316i 1903..

H. GASLER. PHOTOGRAPHI'Q PRINTING MACHINE; APPLICATION IILED MAY 21,. 1898. RENEWED AN- no MODEL. 13 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

INVENTOR W aakjmeg ATTORNEYS;

Iii/21111111111101 N No. 731,282. PATENTEDJUNE'IB, 1903.. H. GASLER.-

PHOTOGRAPHIG PRINTING MACHINE. A1PLI 0ATION FILED my 21. 1898. RENEWED JAN. 2; 1903. y no 110mm. 13 sums-sum 1o- S Illlllllll llllll Illllllllllllllllllllli l Ill/A ATTORNEYS No. 731,282 PATBNTEDUUNE IS, 1903. H. GASLER.

PHOTOGRAPHIG PRINTING MACHINE.

APPLIUATION IILED KAY 21,1898. RENEWED JAIL 1903. "N0 MODEL. 13 SHEETS-SHEET 11.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR 42 xx W02) I JWM ATTORNEYS No. 731,282. PATENTED JUNB16, 1903. H. CASLER.

PHDTOGRAPHIG PRINTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21, 1898. v RENEWED JAN. 2, 1903.

N0 MODEL. I 13 SHEETS-SHEET 12.

wfimzssrzs: INVENTOR 54% 5. wmw;

ATTORNEYS No. 731,282. 7 PATENTED JUNE 16,1903.

H. CASLER. PHOTOGRAPHIO PRINTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21. 189B. RENEWED JAN. 2, 1903.

. 13 SHEETS-SHEET 13.

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WITNESSES: f !NVEN TOR *f;i-I.%.Ww l Zk ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES Patented June 16, 1903.

PATENT ()FFICE.

HERMAN OASLER, OF CANASTOTA, NEXV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERI- CAN MUTOSCOPE COMPANY, OF NE\V.YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NElV JERSEY.

PHOTOGRAPHlC-PRINTING MACHINE.

.JPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 731,282, dated June 16, 1903. Application filed May 21, 1898. Renewed January 2, 1903. Serial No. 137,569- (No model.)

To (oZZ whom it 'may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMAN CASLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Canastota, in the county of Madison and State of New York, have invented new and useful lmprovem ents in Photographic-Printin g Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled no in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates generally to consecutive-view apparatus, and particularly to a photographic printing or copying machine 1 designed to reproduce automatically, from suitable negative strips or films, the series of positive pictures which are employed in consecutive-view-reproducing apparatus for producin g what are known as moving pictures.

My invention consists in the novel stripfeeding, presser-plate, strip-adjusting, stopmotion, timing, and shutter mechanisms employed, in the combination of these mechanisms with each other, and in the novel combination, construction, and arrangement of the parts.

The objects of my invention are, first, to provide a machine or apparatus for making from suitable negative strips or films the positive strips or films employed in consecutiveview-reproducing apparatus and which shall be entirely automatic in its action; second, to provide improved strip-feeding mechanisms for feeding the strips or films; third, to provide means for adjusting the strips in position and insuring uniformity in the spacing of the views printed upon the positive strip; fourth, to provide means for automatically stopping the operation of the feeding mechanisms and preventing the opening of the shutter in case for any reason a View on the negative strip fails to register perfectly with the exposure-opening after it has been moved into position for exposure and in case the adjusting device fails to adjust its position properly; fifth, to provide adjusting devices for regulating the length of exposures, and, sixth, to make the machine positive in action, thoroughly reliable, and easy of operation. These objects are attained'in the invention herein described, and illustrated in .the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification, in which the same reference-numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts, and in which- Figure 1 is a front View of the machine, the front of the inclosing case having been removed, showing particularly the positive and negative strip feeding mechanisms. Fig. 2 is an end elevation from the left of Fig. 1 of the mechanism of the machine, the inclosing case having been sectioned, showing particu-' larly the relative location of the various mechanisms and of the cams which operate them. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the machine. Fig. 4: is a detail elevation and partial section of the principal portions of the feeding mechanisms shown in Fig. 1 upon a larger scale. Fig. 5 is a detail end elevation, upon a larger scale, of the central portion of 7c the mechanism shown in Fig. 1, s'howingparticularly the principal portions of the clampfeeding mechanism for the positive-strip and the presser-plate operating mechanism. Fig.

5 is a detail view showing the parts of the feed- 7 5 ing-clamp as they appear looking from the rear of Fig. 5 and showing also a roller 127 ,which is employed to prevent reverse movement of the positive strip. Fig. 6 is a central horizontal section of the various cams by which the mech- 8o anisms of the apparatus are operated and of the parts of the apparatus in proximity thereto. Fig. 7 is an elevation, taken from the rear side of the apparatus, of the cams, followers, links, and rachet mechanism of the negative-strip-feeding mechanism, the other parts on the rear side of the machine being omitted. Fig. 8 is a similar view of the corresponding parts of the positive-strip-feeding mechanism. Fig; 9 is an elevation of the cam, 0 follower, links, and other external parts of the strip-adjusting and stop-motion mechanism. Fig. 10 is a detail horizontal section of a portion of the apparatus, showing said stripadjusting and stop-motion mechanism. Fig. 11 isa detail sectional view of the endpiece of the barrel 12 upon the line of the shaft which operates the dowel-pins. Fig. 12 is a detail horizontal section of the sleeve forming a part of this end piece projecting through the case 1, showing the collar 165 mounted thereon. Fig. 13 is a detail view of the cam, follower, link, and connected external parts of the presser-plate-operating mechanism, taken from the rear of the machine. Fig. 1 1 is a detail horizontal section of this portion of the machine, showing only the presser-plate-operating mechanism. Fig. 15 is a detail vertical section of the friction driving device and connected parts by which the receiving-reel 5 of the negative strip is driven. Figs. 16 to 21, inclusive, are detail views showing how the sections of the negative strip are caused to register perfectly in the field of exposure by means of the spacing or dowel holes and dowel-pins and showing also how the positive strip is held by the pawl 11S, Figs. 16, 18, and 20 being corresponding views, the first of which shows the spacingholes of the negative strip out of registry with the dowel-pins, the second showing the spacing-holes in registry with said pins, with the pins projecting through the same, and the third showing the spaciug=holes in registry,

the dowelpins having been withdrawn. Figs.

17, 19, and 21 are corresponding detail sections of the portion of the end piece of the barrel 12 in which the dowel-pins are mounted and connected parts in the vicinity of the dowel-pins, the first of which views shows the spacing-holes of the negative strip out of registry with the dowel-pins and the dowel-pins about to enter the same, the second of which shows the spacingholes in registry with the dowel-pins, which latter project through the holes, and the third of which shows the holes in registry, the dowel-pins having been withdrawn. Fig. 22 is a detail end elevation of the timing mechanism, the spider which connects and braces the studs surrounding the cam-shat t being shown in dotted lines. Fig. 23 is a side elevation of this timing mechanism, the said spider being also shown in dotted lines. Fig. 24 is a detail view of the ratchetwheel 142 of the timing mechanism with the guard-plate 151 and the operating pawl and lever shown in connection therewith. Fig. 25 is a central vertical section of the timing mechanism. Fig. 26 is adetail elevation of the worm-wheel 19, the ratchet-wheel 131, mounted upon the hub of the said wormwheel, the plate 132, mounted upon the camshaft 17 and carrying a pawl engaging this worm-wheel, and the tripping-lever 135 and the parts connected therewith. Fig. 27 is a detail top view of the timing mechanism. Figs. 28 to 35 are detail views showing the various cams of the machine grouped together side by side, so that the order of the operation of the various mechanisms of the apparatus may be apparent, arrows adjacent to the faces of the various cams showing the positions of the followers of said cams when the parts are in the positions shown in the general figures; and Fig. 36 is a view similar to Fig. 11, illustrating the use of a single dowel-pin for adjusting the position of the strips and operating the stop mechanism.

The mechanism of the apparatus comprises the following submechanisms: a mechanism for feeding the negative strip or film andwhich may be termed the negative-strip-feeding mechanism; a mechanism for feeding the positive strip or film and which may be termed the positive-strip-feeding mechanism; guides for these strips or films and a presser-plate and operating mechanism for holding the films in contact during exposure; a shutter-operating mechanism; an adjustable timing mechanism for regulating the duration of exposure, and a strip-adjusting stop mechanism which brings each view-section of the negative strip into exact registry in the field of exposure, if this be possible, when it has been 'moved into position for exposure prior to the opening of the shutter and prevents the opening of the shutter or the further feeding of either strip if said view-section is not brought into registry.

Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly at first to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, 1 is an inclosing case which contains the two strips or films and the mechanism which directly acts upon the strips.

2 is the negative strip or film, and 3 the positive strip or film.

L and 5 are the supply and receiving reels, respectively, for the negative strip, and 6 and 7 the supply and receiving reels, respectively, for the positive strip. The negative strip is divided into sections by spacing or dowel holes, as shown in Figs. 2 and 16 to 21, which must always occupy the same relation with respect to their respective views, even though their distance along the strip may vary, and hence are or may be made in the camera in which the negative strips are first exposed and the pictures taken by suitable punches at the instant of exposure of each picture, as is described in my application for Letters Patent for a consecutive-view camera, filed February 26, 1896, Serial No. 580,811. The positive strip may be similarly perforated, though it is not necessary to have the positive strip perforated if it is intended to be used in reprodu cin g apparatus adapted to employ long continuous strips or films. is perforated, the perforations are preferably made before the strip is placed in the printingmachine by any suitable punching apparatus capable of punching the holes the same distance apart throughout the strip.

8 is a cylindrical case inclosing a shutterdisk 9, Fig. 4. In the front of the case S is an opening 10 for the admission of light to the interior of the case 1. through a suitable opening in the shutter, and in the wall of the case 1 there is a corresponding opening 11. A barrel 12, surrounding the opening 11, prevents the diffusion of the light throughout the interior of the case 1, and the end of this barrel forms a support against which the two If the positive strip IIR' strips may be pressed by the presser-plate and has in it a window 13, through which light passes to these strips.

In close proximity to the end of the barrel 1.2, but with a narrow slot sufficient for the passage of the two strips separating it from the end of the barrel, is a frame-plate 14, secured to the back of the case 1, as shown in Fig. 5. This plate 14 supports various portions of the mechanism, as willbe hereinafter tion mechanisms illustrated particularly in Figs. 9 to 12 and 22 to 27, inclusive, and which will be hereinafter described. It is sufficient for present purposes to understand that the shaft 17 is driven, though intermittently, from the shaft 15.

The stripfeeding mechanisms, the presserplate-operating mechanism, and the stripadjusting and stop-motion mechanisms are all operated by cams upon the cam-shaft 17,.

which operate when said shaft revolves and are stationary when said shaft is stationary. The several submechanisms of the appara tus may now be described.

The nega tirastr'zp-feed ing mechanism, Figs.

1,2, 3,4, 6,7, and 15.The negative strip 2,

passes from its supply-reel 4 over an idler guide-roller 20 and thence over a frictionroller 21, mounted upon a swinging arm 22, itself secured to arock-shaft 23. From thence the strip passes through the slot between the end of the barrel 12 and the frame-plate 14, and so through the field of exposure, thence over a friction-roller 25, mounted upon a swinging arm 26, itself secured to arock-shaft 2'7, and over an idler guide-roller 23 to the receiving-reel 5. The feeding devices are the rollers 21 and 25 upon the arms 22 and 26. These rollers and the receiving-reel 5 are operated by the cam mechanism shown particularly in Fig. 7. The cam 29 on the shaft 17 operates the pulleys 21 and 25. A followerlever 30, pivoted to the frame of the apparatus near its middle, has at one end a frictionroller adapted to bear against the edge of the cam 29 and at the other end is connected by a link 31 with a lever 32 on the lower rockshaft 23. The upper rock-shaft 27 is connected with shaft 23, so as to move in unison therewith, by levers and 34 and a link 35. A spring 36, connected to the link 31, tends to hold the friction-roller of the follower in contact with the cam lVhen this cam operates its follower, the roller 25 is moved to the right of Figs. 1 and 4 and the left of Fig. '7, thus drawing the film upward from the field of exposure, and the roller 21 is moved downward, thus drawing a fresh length of film from the supply-reel 4. The return movement of the rollers leaves the film above and below the field of exposure slack; but as the film begins to get slack dowelpins 160 (shown in Figs. 10 and 17, 19 and 21) are thrust through spacing-holes in the film, so preventing it from moving backward. The travel of the roller 21 is limited by a stopscrew 37 ,Fi g. 1, engaging a projection upon the rear of the arm 22. By adjusting this screw the length of film drawn from the spool 4 and fed upward each time the feeding mechanism operates may be varied.

The receiving-reel 5 is rotated by means of the cam 38, which has a follower 39, connected by a link 40 with a pivoted ratchet-arm 41, having a pawl engaging the teeth of a ratchetwheel 42. This ratchet-wheel 42 is mounted upon the same shaft 43 upon which the reel 5 is mounted and has adrivin g connection therewith through a friction device. (Shown in Fig. 15.) This figure shows the shaft 43 revolubly mounted in a sleeve 44. A disk 45 is secured to the shaft 43, and between the disk 45 and the ratchet-wheel 42 is a disk 46, connected by pins to ratchet-wheel 42, as shown. Another disk, 47, separates the outer portion of the disk 46 from the ratchet-wheel 42, and the disk 47 is held stationary by a pin 48, projecting from an arm 49, secured to the boss 44. A spring 50 is pressed by a nut 51 against the ratchet -wheel 42, and by varying the pressure exerted by this spring the adhesion between disks 46 and 45 may be varied. The reel 5 is caused to revolve with the shaft 43 by an eccentric-pin 52, carried by the shaft 43 and fitting into a corresponding socket in the end of the reel.

The purpose of the frictional connection between the ratchet-wheel 42 and the shaft 43 is to permit the ratchet-wheel to slip without revolving the reel 5 as soon as all the slack in the film has been taken up. Such a device is required, becausein order to insure that all of the slack film shall be wound up the cam 38 is arranged to give the ratchet-arm 41 a slight amount of overtravel. W hen the loose film has been wound up, therefore, so that the shaft 43 and disk 45 are held stationary, the ratchet-wheel 42 and disk 46 slip until the ratchet-arm 41 ceases its forward movement.

The friction between the disk 47 and ratchet-wheel 42 and disk 46 prevents the ratchetwheel from moving backward after the ratchetarm 41 has begun to move back.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the shaft 43 of the supply-spool 4 has a similar ratchet mechanism, the link 40 of which may be connected to the follower 39 instead of the link 40. In the figures this link 40 is shown as broken off on account of its length. Link 40 is disconnected and link 40 connected with the follower 39 when it is desired to printa series of views in reverse order upon the positive strip. The pressurespring 50 or 50 on that shaft 43 or 43 which is to be idle during the operation of the apparatus is relieved before the operation begins, sothatthere is no driving connection between said shaft and the ratchet-wheel upon it. A spring 53 tends tohold the follower39 against the cam 38.

The positive strip feed mg mechanism, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, (3, and 8.The positive strip 3, upon which the pictures of the negative strip 2 are to be printed, passes from its supply-spool 6 over a guide-pulley 60 and around a friction-pulley (31 on a swinging arm 62, itself mounted on a rock-shaft 63. From thence, if it be provided with spacingholes, it passes between a presser-plate 119 and the barrel 12, as indicated in full lines in Fig. 4, or if it be not provided with spacing-holes it passes over the presser-plate 119, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4. It then passes through the slot between the barrel 12 and the frame-plate 14, back of the negative strip 2, and between the plate 14 and another plate 64, which holds it flat while it is being pushed upward by the clamp feeding mechanism, ashereinafter described, thence over a guide 65, and thence to its receiving-reel 7. The feeding device which draws the strip from its supply-reel 6 is the roller (31 upon the arm 62. This arm is vibrated by a cam (56, Fig. 8, having a follower 67, connected by a link 68 to an arm 69 on theshaft 63, and a spring 70 tending to hold the follower in contact with its cam.

The receiving-reel 7 is rotated by a cam 71, Fig. 8, having a follower 72 and a ratchetarm 73, held in contact with a ratchet-wheel 74 on the shaft 75 of the reel 7 by a spring 76. This ratchet-wheel has a driving connection with its shaft 75 through a friction driving device 77, Fig. 2, similar to that by which the ratchet-wheel 42 drives the shaft 43. The stationary disk 47 of this driving device, corresponding to the disk 47 of Fig. 15, is held by a spring 78, secured at one end to a stud 79, its motion being limited, how ever, by a stud 80. The spring allows the receiving-reel 7 to turn back slightly an instant before the clamp feed, hereinafter mentioned, releases the strip, so that the tendency of the strip to curl up may not draw more strip forward, and so vary the distance between pictures.

The mechanism which feeds the positive strip through the field of exposure operates by grasping the strip in a clamp, which then moves upward, drawing the strip upward. Such a feeding device is to be preferred to any other for the feeding of the positive strip, because of the great accuracy with which it operates, slipping of the strip in the feeding device being impossible. It is important that the pictures printed on the positive strip shall be printed at the same distance apart throughout the strip. Hence the necessity for accuracy in th e operation of the feeding mechanism.

The clamp feeding mechanism is illustrated particularly in Figs. 1,4, and 5. This feeding device is actuated by two complementary cams 83 and 84, the latter being shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, having follower-levers connected to the same shaft 85, and which by opposing each other give the feeding mechanism a positive motion in both directions. An arm 86, which is an extension of the follower of the cam 83, is connected to a collar 87 upon a rod 88. Another collar 89 on this rod 88 is pivotally connected to an arm 90, itself pivotally connected to a vertically-sliding rod 91, having guides in the frame-plate 14, and which forms a carriage for the strip-feeding clamp. To the arm 90 is also connected at an intermediate point a link 92, connected to a swinging arm 93. Upon the rod 88 are springs 94 and 95, against which the collars 87 and 89 bear. Upon the rod 91 is secured a bracket 96, in which the shaft 103 of the arm 93 has a bearin g and in which a sliding bolt 97, adapted to be moved toward or away from the positive strip 3, is mounted. Upon the shaft 103 of the arm 93 are teeth meshing with the teeth of a rack on-the bolt 97. This bolt forms the movable element of the clamp 'by which the strip is grasped. The other element of the clamp is an extension 98 of the bracket 96, which extends around to the front side of the positive strip.

When the cams 83 and 84 are revolved, the arm 86 moves upward, communicating a similar movement to the rod 88 through the spring 94, and by means of a shoulder 99,which abuts against the collar 89, raising the end of the arm 90, which swings about its point of connection with the rod 91 as a pivot. A corresponding movement is communicated to the arm 93 by the link 92, thus moving the bolt 97 outward, so as to cause it to clamp the positive strip 3 against the stationary piece 98 of the clamp. V hen the bolt 97 can move out ward no farther, the movement of the arms 93 and 90 about their pivots is arrested, and the arm 90, rod 91, and the parts connected therewith are lifted bodily, thus drawing the positive strip upward. The extent of this upward movement is determined by a ring or washer 100 on the lower end of the rod 91, which comes in contact with a shoulder 101 on the plate 14, after which further upward movement of the arm 86 simply compresses the spring 94.

When the cams 83 and. 84 cause the arm 86 to descend,the arms 90 and 93 are swungdownward about their pivots, thus moving the bolt 97 backward and releasing the positive strip. The cams 83 and 84 are so shaped that after the arm 86 has been moved upward to the fullest extent it is moved down again for a short distance, sufficient to open the clamp and release the positive strip. The arm 86 is then held stationary for a time by the cams and then is caused to descend to the limit of its travel. A collar 102 on the bolt limits the backward movement of the bolt 97 occasioned by the downward movement of the arm 86,

and when it can move backward no farther the rod 91 and the'parts thereon move downward. The downward movement of the rod 91 is limited by a shoulder on the upper end of the rod, which strikes the plate 14, after which further downward movement of the rod 88 simply compresses the spring 95. I

The bolt 97 and extension 98 work in slots 104 and 105 in the plates 14 and 64, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The vertically-movin g parts of the clamp feeding mechanism are balanced by a weight 106 on the end of a pivoted lever 107, Fig. 1, connected to the rod 91 by a pin working in a slot in the end of said lever. This feeding mechanism grips the film or strip so tightly that no slipping of the film is possible. At the same time no injury whatever to the strip can be caused by the clamp. The strip is fed upward the same distance each time the feeding device operates with great accuracy.

It is frequently desirable to have the pictures upon the positive strip spaced at a less or greater distance apart than those on the negative strip. This can be done in this apparatus, for the feeding mechanism of the two strips are quite distinct and operate separately. The length of positive strip fed forward by the clamp feed may be regulated by using washers 100upon the lower end of the rod 91 of different lengths. No adjustment of the length of travel of the arm 86 is required where the travel of the rod 91 is thus changed, because the springs 94 and 95 permit considerable overtravel of this arm. A pivoted arm 108, Figs. 1 and 2, presses against the positive strip as it is wound upon the reel 7 with enough force to cause the strip to be wound upon this reel evenly and tightly.

In order to prevent the positive strip from falling backward when released by the clamp feed mechanism, a pawl 118; Figs. 5 and 17, and a roller 127, Figs. 4 and 5, are provided. If the positive strip be perforated with spacingholes, the pawl engages these holes and so holds the strip stationary. If the strip is not provided with spacing-holes, it is prevented from falling back by the roller 127, mounted upon an arm carried by a rock-shaft 128. A spring 129, carried upon an arm projecting from this rock-shaft, tends to hold the roller 127 against the picture-strip. When a perforated positive strip is employed, the clamp feeding mechanism is arranged to overfeed the strip slightly at each operation. The pawl 11S drops into the spacing-hole as soon as said hole is opposite the pawl, and when the feeding-clamp is opened the strip drops back until it rests upon the pawl. In order that the roller 127 may not interfere with this slight backward movement of the strip, the shaft 128 is provided with an arm 130,which is engaged by a rounded web on the back of the portion 98 of the feeding-clamp, and when said clamp has nearly reached the end of the travel required for the feeding of the perforated strip the arm 130 is pushed out, thus moving the roller 127 away from the strip. This does not interfere with the action of the roller 127 in preventing backward movement of the strip when it passes, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4, because, since the pictures on imperforated strips are spaced more closely than on perforated strips, it being unnecessary to pro-- vide room between the pictures for the spacing-holes, the web on the part 98 does not come into contact with the arm 130 during the feeding of an unperforated strip. Then an unperforated positive strip is fed through the apparatus, the pawl 118 is usually removed, the positive strip being carried over the beveled plate 119, which carries said pawl, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4.

The presser plate operating mechanism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, and 14.-In order to hold the positive and negative strips in contact during exposure, so as to insure clear and well-defined images on the positive strip, a presser-plate 110 is employed, which presses these strips against the window 13 in the end of the barrel 12 during the period of exposure and then moves backward out of contact with the strips, so as to leave them free to move upward. This presser-plat e consists of a block or plate 110 of about the size of the window 13, pivoted to an arm 111 and covered with felt or some other soft elastic material on the face which comes in contact with the positive strip, as shown in Fig. 4, so as to insure uniform pressure. The arm 111 is mounted upon a rock-shaft 112, having suitable bearings, and which at the other end is provided with an arm 113, Fig. 13, which is connected by a link 114 to the follower 115 of the cam 116. Aspring (shown in Fig. 13) tends to hold this follower in contact with the cam. The arm 111 is loose upon the shaft 112 and serves merely to support the presser-.

.collar on the shaft 112 and at the other end to the arm 111. These springs oppose each other. \Vhen the shaft 112 is rotated in one direction, the spring 117 presses the presserplate downward against the strips, and when the shaft 111 rotates in the other direction the spring 109 presses the presser-plate upward, causing it to follow the spring 117.

Beneath the presser-plate 110 is a second presser-plate 119, which carries the pawl 118. It ismounted upon a shaft 120, which has bearings in the frame-plate 14 and is keyed to said shaft. It is pressed against the strip during the greater portion of each cycle of operations by a bell-crank lever 123, pivoted to an arm 124, mounted upon the rock-shaft crank lever 123 to press upon the arm 122, and so to force the second presser-plate 119 against the strips. WVhen the presser-plate 110 moves outward, the outer arm of the bellcrank lever 123 swings downward under the influence of the spring 125, the other arm of the bell-crank lever still pressing against the arm 12 until the bell-crank lever reaches a stop 126, after which further movement of the presser-plate and arm 124 causes the bellcrank lever to move away from the arm 122. )Vhen the presser-plate 110 begins to move down, the bell-crank lever 123 is moved away from the stop 126 and immediately presses against the arm 122, thus again pressing the lower presser-plate against the strips.

The primary function of the presser-plate 119 is to prevent the negative strip from slipping down during the interval between the withdrawal of the dowel-pins 160 and the bringing of the presser-plate 110 down upon the strips. As hereinafter described, when a new section of the negative strip has been moved up into position for exposure (which movement, takes place while the presserplate 110 is raised, so that neither it nor the presser-plate 119 exert any pressure upon the strips) the dowelpins 160 are thrust through the spacing-holes so as to register the view-section accurately in the field of eX- posure, These dowel-pins must be withdrawn, however, before the presser-plate 110 comes down upon the strips, and the presserplate 119 is employed to hold the negative strip when the dowel-pins have been withdrawn. The presser -plate 119 is pressed against the'film almost instantly after the presser-plate 110 begins to move down.

The pawl 11S lies within a groove in the outer face of the second presser-plate 119 and is held in place by a spring 121, Fig. 5.

The timing and shutter-operating mechanism, Figs. 2, 3, 6, and 22 to'27.It has heretofore been stated that the cam-sh aft 1'7, upon which are mounted the cams by which the mechanisms heretofore described are operated, revolves intermittently, its revolution being controlled by a timing mechanism. The purpose of this timing mechanism is to regulate the length of the interval of time during which the shutter is open in order to obtain the proper exposure.

The mechanism by which the shaft 17 is driven from the shaft 15 is as follows: The worm-wheel 19, which is driven from the worm 18 on the shaft 15, as already stated, is loose upon its shaft 17 Upon the hub of this worm-wheel and secured thereto is a ratchetwheel 131, Figs. 22 to'27. Adjacent to the ratchet-wheel 131 and mounted on and keyed to the shaft 17 is a disk 132, keyed to the shaft 17 and carrying a pawl 133, which is adapted to engage the teethof the ratchetwheel 131. When the pawl is thus in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel, the disk 132 is caused to revolve with the wormwheel 19, which revolves continuously, thus causing the shaft 17 to revolve. The pawl 133 has a projection 134, adapted to be engaged by a tripping-lever 135, Fig. 22, revolubly mounted upon a stud 136. Upon this stud 136 is also revolubly mounted a bell-crank lever 137. (Shown particularly in Figs. 22, 24, and 26.) One arm of the belcrank lever 137 is adapted to be oscillated by pins 138, projecting from the wheel 19. The other arm of the bell-cranklever 137 has revolubly mounted in it a shaft 139, secured to which are two pawls 140 and 141. The pawl 140 is adapted to engage the teeth of a ratchet-wheel 142, mounted upon a sleeve 143, Figs. 23, 25, and 27. In this sleeve 143is a notch (shown in Fig. 6 and in dotted lines in Fig. 24) with which a pin 144 in a recess of the ratchet-wheel 142 is adapted to engage. This pin is pressed outwardly by a spring, as indicated in Fig. 24. Otherwise the ratchet-wheel is loose upon the sleeve 143, but is held in place by friction-plates 145, which are mounted upon the sleeve 143 and are attached to a stud 146 and which, by pressing against the sides of the wheel 142, offer someresistance to its revolution. The sleeeve 143 is provided with a flange 143, and in the. edge of this flange are a number of notches, as shown in Fig. 23. Apin 147is adapted to fit into one of these notches and also. into a single notch 148, Fig. 27, of awheel 149, complementary to the flange 143 and keyed to the shaft 17. A spring 150, Fig. 25, tends to press the pin 147 to the right of Figs. 23 and 25; .but the size of the pin and the depth of the notches in the flange 143are such that when the pin is at the extreme right-hand position it still forms a key to engage the flange 143 and wheel 149, so that when the wheel 149 revolves the sleeve 143 also revolves. The notch 148 in the wheel 149 is of such depth, however, that when the pin is pulled to the left it clears the notches in the flange 143, and this flange and its sleeve 143 may then be revolved freely.

The bell-crank 137, pawl 140, pins 138, and the parts associated therewith constitute a step-by-step mechanism for advancing the ratchet-wheel 142 on the sleeve 143;

When the worm-wheel 19 revolves, the bellcrank 137 is oscillated by contact with the pins 138, projecting from this worm-wheel. This movement of the bell-crank moves the pawl 140 back and forth. Mounted upon and keyed to the shaft 17 and in close proximity to the ratchet-wheel 142 is a guard-plate 151,0f somewhat greater diameter than the ratchetwheel 142, but which has at one point of its circumference a flattened portion, as shown in Figs. 22 and 24. The pawl 140 rides upon this guard-plate 151 without engaging the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 142 until it reaches the flattened portion of the guard-plate, when it drops into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 142.

The normal position of the tripping-lever 135 is that shown in Fig. 22, in which it is shown in the act of trippingthe pawl 133. In

the hub of the tripping-lever is a notch 152, with which the pawl 141 may engage. The position of the pawl 141 on its shaft 139 is such that it does not engage the notch 152 when the pawl 140 is riding upon the guardplate 151 nor when it engages any of the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 142 except one. This tooth 142', however, is of greater depth than the others, as shown in Figs. 22 and 24, and when the pawl 140 drops into it the pawl 141 engages with the notch 152. lVhen the pawl 141 is thus brought into en gagem ent with the notch 152 and when the pawl140 m oves forward as the bell-crank 137 is moved by a pin 138, the pawl 141 lifts the tripping-lever 135, thus permitting the pawl 133 to drop into engagement with a tooth on the ratchet-wheel 131. The operation of this mechanism is as follows: As shown in Fig. 22, the pawl 1 33 has just been tripped, so that the WO1111Wl166l19 revolves idly without revolving the shaft 17. The fiat place in the guard-plate 151 is in such position with respect to the pawl 133 that when the pawl is tripped the pawl 140 is permitted to drop into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 142, and as the bell-crank 1 37 vibrates this pawl moves the ratchet-wheel 142 forward step by step. The number of steps so made before the pawl 140 drops into the deep tooth of this ratchet-wh eel is determined by the position of the notched flange 143 of sleeve 143 with respect to its complementary wheel 149. In Figs. 22 and 24 this flange 143' is shown in such position that the pawl 140 engages but one tooth of ratchet-wheel 142 before it drops into the deep tooth. The length of exposure given is determined by the number of steps which the lever 137 must make after the pawl 133 is tripped before the pawl 140 drops into the deep tooth, since while the pawl 133 is out of engagement with ratchetwheel 131 the shaft 17 is stationary and the shutter, which is driven from the shaft 17 by a shaft 153, Figs. 3 and 6, and suitable wormgearing, and is then open, is not moved. As soon as the pawl 140 drops into the deep tooth of the ratchet-wheel142 the pawl 141 en gages the notch in the hub of the lever 135, and upon the next forward movement of the bell-crank 137 raises this trippinglever 135, so releasing the pawl 133 and permitting it to drop down into engagement with the teeth of the ratchetwheel131. Fig. 26 shows the parts in this position. As soon as the pawl 133 is in engagement with the ratchet-wheel 131 the disk 132 and the shaft 17 begin to revolve. The revolution of the shaft 17 and of the wheel 149 thereon revolves the flange 143, the pin 147 acting as a key. The ratchet-wheel 142 is held stationary, however, by friction with its friction-plates 145 until the blind ratchetpin 144 is encountered by the notch in the sleeve 143, when the ratchet-wheel is moved forward. As soon as the shaft 17 begins to revolve the guard-plate 151 begins to revolve, and before the pawl 140 has been moved backward out of the deep tooth by the hell crank 137' this pawl has been lifted out of engagement with the teeth of the ratchetwheel 142 by the guard-plate 151." hen the pawl 140 is thus raised, the pawl 141 is moved out of engagement with the tripping-lever 135, and the latter falls into position to trip the pawl 133 when one revolution of the shaft 17 has been completed.

' To adjust the length of exposure, the pin 147 is pulled to the left of Figs. 23 and 25, and the flange 143 of the adjusting-sleeve 143 is revolved until the pin 147 is opposite the desired number on this flange, when the pin is again released. The effect of the revolution of the ad justing-sleeve in this manner is to change the position of the deep tooth of the ratchet-wheel 142 with reference to the flattened portion of the guard-plate 151, this flattened portion of the guard-plate determining the position at which the pawl 140 is dropped into engagement with the ratchetwheel 142.

Strip-adjusting and stop-motion mechanism, Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 to 12, and 1G to 27.-It has been stated that the negative strips intended to be used in this apparatus are divided into sections by perforations, such as are sh own in Fig. 16. The perforations in the negative strip are preferably made at the time said negative strip is exposed in the camera and at the instant of exposure of each picture, and hence always bear the same relation with respect to their respective pictures. For various reasons, such as unequal shrinkage during development or slipping of the film in the feeding mechanism of the camera, the distance between pictures on the negative strip sometimes varies. It is necessary, therefore, to provide some device for adjusting accurately the position of each View section or picture on the negative strip in the field of exposure before the exposure begins. This is accomplished by means of the dowel-pins 160, Figs. 10, 11, and 16 to 21, before mentioned, which are forced through these holes in the negative strip by appropriate mechanism. The ends of these pins are conical, so that if, by chance, the holes of the strip do not register perfectly with the dowel-pins these pins in passing through the holes will move the strip into proper position. The manner in which this is done is indicated in Figs. 16 to 21, respectively. In Fig. 16 the negative strip 2 is shown somewhat below its properposition.

WVhen the dowel-pins are pushed through instant when these pins are pushed forward. 7

This mechanism is shown particularly in Figs. 9 and 10. The dowel-pins are operated by the cam 1G9 upon the shaft '17 This cam has a 

